The past the general selection of fuel cell pure hydrogen and very little direct use of hydrocarbons (hydrocarbons).

Fuel cell and its development trend of key materials

Fuel cell (FuelCell) originated in 1838 found that fuel cell Schoenbein principle, as the real practical use, it is traced back to the sixties of the last century, before the practical application in the aerospace and space. And in the eighties of the last century in environmental protection dell inspiron 1525 battery,dell inspiron 1526 battery, energy saving and other global issues, the United States, Japan, Canada, western European countries such as Korea and as many as hundreds of companies and research institutions actively involved in and begun to enter the civilian market research and development, to the the end of the century almost every month a new patent, while it can be said has been almost no insurmountable technical obstacles, as in business, currently one of the main application is the subject of cost is too high, it is expected in the future the key materials and component technology continuous improvement and maturity of the technology for mass production, the cost will be decreased rapidly to achieve the purposes of commercialization.

First, the basic characteristics of the main fuel cell

The characteristics of fuel cells for high efficiency, low noise, low pollution and so on, it will fuel the chemical energy of “direct” conversion into electrical energy for the work principle, the generator will be different from the general chemical energy (or radiant energy) into heat after the change of kinetic energy and then generate electricity generators, such as promoting the need to go through multiple energy conversion, the conversion efficiency of the ceiling from the “Carnot cycle (Carnot cycle)” restriction, and can be high.

Based on fuel cell operating temperature distinction may be classified as a large low-temperature fuel cells (160-220 ℃), medium temperature fuel cells (160-220 ℃) and high temperature fuel cell (600-1000 ℃) three major types. In general, the fuel cell operating temperature is different from its use of the fuel, catalyst and oxidant are also different table.

Second, the key materials and components technology trends

The main components of fuel cell components as follows: electrode (Electrode), electrolyte membrane (Electrolyte Membrane) and collector (Current Collector) and so on.

(1) electrode

Fuel cell electrode of the fuel oxidation reaction occurred with the reduction reaction of reducing the occurrence of electrochemical reaction sites, the quality of their performance lies in the performance of catalysts, electrode materials and the manufacturing process, such as electrodes.

Electrode can be divided into two parts dell inspiron 1720 battery,dell inspiron 1721 battery, one for the anode (Anode), another for the cathode (Cathode), thickness of 200-500mm; its structure and general battery electrode plate is different because the fuel cell for the porous electrode structure, so designed porous structure is mainly due to the fuel cell used mostly for fuel and oxidant gases (such as oxygen, hydrogen, etc.), and gas solubility in the electrolyte is not high, in order to improve the fuel cell current density of practical work and reduce the polarization effect, it developed a porous electrode structure to increase the surface area involved in the response of the electrode, and this is why the original fuel-cell stage from the theoretical research into the practical phase of one of the key reasons.

At present, high-temperature fuel cell is the main catalyst of the electrode material, such as solid oxide fuel cell (referred to as SOFC) of Y2O3-stabilized-ZrO2 (referred to as YSZ) and molten carbonate fuel cell (hereinafter referred to MCFC), such as the nickel oxide electrode, and low-temperature fuel cells are mainly supported by the gas diffusion layer of a thin layer consisting of a catalyst material, such as phosphoric acid fuel cell (hereinafter referred to PAFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (hereinafter referred to PEMFC), such as the platinum electrode.

(2) electrolyte membrane

The main role of the electrolyte membrane in the separation of oxidant and reductant, and ion conduction, the electrolyte membrane thinner the better, but should also take into account the strength of the technique at this stage, the general thickness of about tens to hundreds of mm-mm ; As for material, the two main development direction of North Korea, one of which is the first to asbestos (Asbestos) film, silicon carbide  SiC film, lithium aluminate (LiAlO3) porous film membrane made of insulating material, and then immersed in molten lithium – K carbonate, potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid, etc., to attachment holes in the diaphragm, and the other is the use of perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin (such as PEMFC) and YSZ (for example, SOFC).

(3) sets of electrical

Also known as bipolar collector plates (Bipolar Plate), with a collection of current, separated by oxidant and reductant, to facilitate the movement of gas and other functions, sets of electrical performance depends primarily on its material properties, flow field design and processing technology.

Third, the conclusions and recommendations

Fuel cells compared with conventional secondary batteries have a high energy density, no need to charge a long time use, low noise, low pollution, etc., at present, mobile communication, information terminal products dell inspiron 1525 battery,dell inspiron 1526 battery R & D by the great importance of these applications fuel cell output power requirements of smaller, shorter life, electrolyte membrane and electrode separation technology, such as lower-level requirements. It is these factors make 3C electronic products as the engine of future fuel cell market growth of the main driving force, but the current key issues in the related technology and materials development, especially  electrolyte membrane materials technology breakthroughs, the realization of the future can 3C commercialization of applications important to observe one of the key points.

U.S. researchers developed a highly efficient fuel cell selected

Northwestern University researchers developed a new solid oxide fuel cell, in the use of hydrocarbons – iso-octane fuel for energy conversion efficiency is expected to reach 50%. The new fuel cell, after more testing, can be widely used in automobiles, aircraft, and even many families.

The past the general selection of fuel cell pure hydrogen and very little direct use of hydrocarbons (hydrocarbons). This is because the environment in the fuel cell reaction in the 600-800 degrees Celsius heat, can break down hydrocarbons in the carbon out of the coverage in the anode electrode, causing the electrolyte can not reach the anode, the reaction difficult. The researchers found that in order to use a layer of zirconia-based, containing a small amount of ruthenium and cerium catalytic reforming of the porous film, in response to fuel increased slightly when the amount of oxygen can effectively remove carbon precipitation, to avoid carbon anode was covered by . In addition they also found that with nickel anode for fuel cells, than with the traditional copper anode for fuel cell power density was higher. Researchers developed a model of small-scale fuel cells dell inspiron 1720 battery,dell inspiron 1721 battery, the response generated by the fuel energy density reached 0.6 watts per square centimeter.